The Ledger · Entry 059 · Commerce
Posting cheques to accounts by hand
Ceded to machinesSince 1959Criterion practiceLast reviewed 2026-08-17
Event
Bank of America puts the first General Electric built ERMA machines into service, reading cheques by magnetic ink and posting the accounts without a bookkeeper.
The ceded act is reading the figures on a cheque and writing them against the right account, work that a bank did with rows of bookkeepers at ledger machines. An experienced bookkeeper posted around 245 accounts an hour, and ERMA handled 33,000 in the time a person took for 250. By 1966 twelve regional centres covered all but 21 of the bank's 900 branches and more than 750 million cheques a year. The magnetic ink line printed at the foot of a cheque in 1959 is still there today. What is not ceded is the decision to honour or refuse, the fraud review, and the argument with a customer who says the amount is wrong.