Donating blood or an organ

Blood, a kidney, part of a liver, a cornea. Machines now replace organs. A titanium total artificial heart with a single moving part was implanted in a person on 9 July 2024 at Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center in Houston, under a Food and Drug Administration early feasibility study, and in five patients by the end of that November. What such a device replaces is the organ, not the gift. French law states that no element of the human body may be removed without the prior consent of the donor, revocable at any time, and every regime that takes donation seriously builds the same structure: someone who can refuse, who is not paid, and who accepts a risk for a person they will often never meet. The engineering may one day end the shortage. It does not perform the act the shortage currently depends on.