Taking dictation in shorthand

Two acts were ceded here, and not at the same time. Writing speech down in a coded hand at the speed of talk was displaced by recording and then by automatic transcription. Producing a clean typed page from that record was displaced first by the MT/ST, which killed the retype, and then by the personal computer, which sent authors back to their own keyboards and emptied the typing pools. What holds is the verbatim record made under accountability: court reporters and live captioners still work by hand in many jurisdictions, because someone has to certify that this is what was said. Deciding what is worth writing down was never a typing skill and never moved.