Speaking an actor's lines in that actor's voice

In both cases a living person authorised the use, and a director shaped the reading take by take, so the machine supplied timbre rather than intention. Kilmer had lost the ability to speak after a tracheotomy, and Jones was retiring at eighty-one, which is why these two examples say more about continuity than about replacement. The SAG-AFTRA television and theatrical agreement ratified on 5 December 2023 made consent, at least 48 hours of notice and payment mandatory for a digital replica, and barred producers from using one to avoid hiring, which fixed the practice as licensed rather than free. Dubbing and localisation are moving faster than screen performance, since a dubbed voice is already a substitute. What is not ceded is the reading: where the pause falls, what a line is for, and who is accountable for a sentence a person never said.